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A permissible comprehension of the Wallace Nutting signature process can not only help you to authenticate a Wallace Nutting picture, but it can help you to date it as well. Authenticating a legitimate "Wallace Nutting" signature is probably the most difficult part of Wallace Nutting collecting because Wallace Nutting rarely signed pictures himself.
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It can be safely assumed that Nutting signed some of his earliest pictures, before he hired employees and as his company was growing. We also know that he signed some later pictures as gifts to friends or favors to associates. And throughout the years he admittedly signed some pictures in the Studio. But for all practical purposes, Nutting probably signed perhaps no more than several thousand pictures out of his unabridged output of admittedly millions of pictures.
Rather, it was his colorists, or more specifically, his Head Colorists, who signed the Wallace Nutting name. As a result, when you buy a Wallace Nutting picture, you are buying a picture with the Wallace Nutting name on it, not a picture signed by Wallace Nutting himself.
In the Wallace Nutting Studio, after each picture was colored and mounted on the mat board, it was returned to the Head Colorist who admittedly signed the Wallace Nutting name. And considering that Wallace Nutting was in full-time company in the middle of 1905-1941, and he had a part-time company in the middle of 1900-1904, he obviously had many dissimilar citizen signing his name over the 40+ year period. This accounts for the many dissimilar Wallace Nutting signatures that will be found on his pictures today.
And with so many dissimilar "authentic" signatures, this is the easiest thing for a forger to fake. As a result, differentiating in the middle of authentic and fake Wallace Nutting signatures is the hardest thing for a new accumulator to master.
I will be the first to admit that even I cannot authenticate each and every signature I see. In nearly every instance, I can decide which signatures are authentic, and which are fakes. But every once in a while a picture comes along that I just don't know whether its real or not. There are a few signatures that look like they might be 70-90 years old, yet aren't recognizable as a signature I have previously seen. When shown to a group of very experienced collectors, more often than not there is a lack of unanimous trade regarding its authenticity. Which means that no one knows for sure.
The good news is that most fake Wallace Nutting signatures are relatively easy to detect...once you know what to look for.
This is the only in-depth effort at visually exploring legitimate Wallace Nutting signatures that we are aware of. We ask that you take this report for what it is intended to be: an in-depth look at Wallace Nutting Signatures. But it does not include all legitimate signatures. That would be a corporal impossibility.
Basically, we have divided Wallace Nutting signatures into 3 inescapable time periods:
• Early Southbury...1904-1910
• Late Southbury-Early Framingham...1911-1930
• Late Framingham...1930-1941
Each period has inescapable characteristics which we will try to explore. But before we contemplate many of the dissimilar colorist's signatures, let take a brief look at Wallace Nutting's own signature.
Wallace Nutting's Personal Signature: Prior to the days of desktop publishing, e-mail, cell phones, Federal Express, Ups, Priority Mail, Land line Long length Service, and all the other contemporary means of communication, Wallace Nutting had little alternative but to correspond via the Us Mail. And since Wallace Nutting was relatively famous, especially in his later life, he corresponded with many individuals, many of whom kept copies of his letters.
Wallace Nutting also actively promoted most of the books that he wrote, especially by attending book signings where he would often sign his books upon request.
And we know that he signed varied pictures over the years.
So in the middle of his letters, books, and pictures, there is a pretty good sampling of his handwriting and signatures ready for comparison. And it is pretty inescapable once you have reviewed his signature and correspondence that Nutting's handwriting was not what you would call neat. So when you consider Nutting's relatively poor handwriting, and the large volume of signatures that were needed as his company grew, it becomes inescapable that he needed person to sign his name to his pictures.
You should understand that Nutting's handwriting obviously changed over a 40-year period. When he started the Southbury business, he was 44. He died in Framingham in 1941 at the age of 80. Everyone will have dissimilar handwriting in the middle of the ages of 44-80, especially when working in a rushed company atmosphere, and Wallace Nutting was no exception.
Early Southbury Signatures...1904-1910: It can be safely assumed that Nutting signed most of his earlier pictures, especially while his beginning years. Volume was small, he was still testing the market possibilities for his pictures, and he had no employees until colse to 1905.
Once he opened the Nuttinghame Studio in Southbury, and as volume grew, he began to hire varied employees to help in the day-to-day activities linked with the business. At this point, Nutting turned over the picture signing accountability to several of his trusted employees.
At first, these employees were trained to copy Wallace Nutting's personal signature, especially with the distinctive formation of the final "g" in "Nutting", which had a tail curving to the right instead of the left. Many citizen today mistakenly think that any early signature with that right-curving tail is Wallace Nutting's own signature. Unfortunately, that is an incorrect assumption to make. Since the colorists signed so many pictures, and Nutting signed so few pictures, the probability is that Nutting did not sign it. Plus, who can confirm with 100% certainty that Nutting always fulfilled, the "g" with the tail curing right rather than left?
The earliest signatures were typically signed in Pencil. I typically use the date of 1910 as the transition year from Pencil-to-Pen signatures. This doesn't mean that a pen was never used before 1910. Nor does it mean that a pencil was never used after 1910. However, I think that we can safely say that most Pencil Signatures would date a picture at 1910 or earlier.
How else can an Early Southbury Signature be identified and dated?
• If the signature is in pencil, it is probably early Southbury
• If the picture has a white, reversed-out block copyright on the image, the signature is probably early Southbury. Some of the earliest pictures contained a longer copyright marking, e.g. "Copyright 1904, by Wallace Nutting" vs. A much more brief @Wn'16. This longer copyright was phased out by 1905.
• Often times the subject matter will recognize the picture as early Southbury. For example, inescapable titles that appeared in the 1904 or 1908 picture Catalog, but which were not sold in later years, can be assumed to be early Southbury.
Late Southbury-Early Framingham Signatures...1910-1930: 1910-30 marked the peak period for Wallace Nutting pictures. His company was employing 200 citizen at this time, probably 100 of whom were colorists. His picture sales were at an all-time high, more signature signers were needed to keep up with production, and you will find a wider range of authentic signatures while this period than any other.
The signatures from this period were typically signed in Pen. The most distinctive signature from this period having a bold and flowing appearance.
How else can a late Southbury-early Framingham signature be identified?
• If the signature is in Pen, and there is no black border colse to the picture, it is probably late Southbury-early Framingham.
• The signature was often bold and flowing in appearance. This is not to say that bold and flowing signatures were never used in the other periods, but rather the bold and flowing signatures were more typical of the 2nd period than the 1st or 3rd periods.
• The subject matter and location of a picture can help to date the picture. For example, Interior scenes from Nutting's Colonial Chain of Houses will rarely have a Pencil signature because they weren't photographed until after 1915, when Nutting purchased the first home within the chain.
• Pictures from Pennsylvania, New York, or Virginia were rarely signed in Pencil, because most of these were taken after he left Southbury and stopped using the Pencil signature.
• The more brief copyright @ Wn'16 are also indicative of this period.
• The color tone can also be indicative of the period. Pictures with more subdued color are typically from the Southbury-early Framingham period. Later Framingham pictures regularly were more brightly colored than the earlier years.
Late Framingham Signatures...1930-41: By this time, Nutting was taking relatively few new pictures for market distribution. As interest in his pictures was fading, and with admittedly thousands of negatives already on hand, he relied primarily on selling images that he already had in inventory.
Generally, 1930's signatures will be found on pictures having these characteristics:
• A black border, with a very colorful picture, will often times be found
• Signatures on black border pictures were typically smaller and more brief than the early bold and flowing signature. Presumably the bold and flowing signature might have competed with the black border.
• If the picture had an indented matting, without the black border, but having a much more brightly colored picture, it is probably from this period
• If the picture has a Copyright Label on the back, it is probably from this period.
Subject matter can also help to recognize the type of signature used. For example, Floral arrangements and garden scenes were only introduced on a larger scale in the 1930's. inescapable of these pictures were matted and signed, other were close-framed and signed directly on the picture itself. Sometimes the picture was signed in Pencil, other times it was signed in Pen.
Rarity of Pencil vs. Pen Signatures: Many collectors fail to understand the incompatibility in rarity in the middle of the Pencil and Pen signatures. Although there are a few exceptions, the normal rule of thumb is that Pencil signatures were used until 1910, and after 1910 Pen signatures were practically exclusively used.
This means that Pencil signatures must be rarer than Pen signatures because:
• Pencil Signatures were used for only 10 years (1900-1910), when output was at its lowest
• Pen signatures were used for more than 30 years (1910-1941), when output was at its highest
Those 30+ peak-production years of Pen signatures would indicate that perhaps 90% of all Wallace Nutting signatures were signed in Pen, while perhaps only 10% were signed in Pencil.
So with all other factors being the same, i.e., subject Matter, Condition, and Size...a picture with a Pencil signature is rarer, and should probably be valued higher, than a comparable Pen signature. However, if any of these three factors are not the same, the type of signature used should come to be the least important factor in determining value.
Wallace Nutting Collecting Tips
• The Signature on a Wallace Nutting picture can help you to both authenticate and date the picture.
• Most Signatures were signed by the Head Colorist rather than Wallace Nutting himself.
• A Pencil signature regularly represents pictures taken while the early Southbury period (1900-1910)
• A Pen signature, without a black picture border, more often than not will be from the late Southbury-early Framingham period (1910-1930).
• A Pen signature with a black picture border, will date the picture while the late Framingham period (1930-1941)
• Pencil signatures are significantly rarer than Pen signatures.
• A range of factors together with the picture coloration, matting type, frame style, signature, type of copyright, subject matter, and location of picture can all be used to date a Wallace Nutting picture.
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